Fed pauses rate hikes; soft landing or year-end recession still up in the air

June 28, 2023

The Takeaway is a CoBank e-publication that provides practical commentary on interest rates, derivatives and capital markets activities. These insights come from the professionals in CoBank’s Treasury, Derivatives and Capital Markets groups—people who are in the market, interacting with customers, investors and other lenders, and seeking to understand what is driving activity.

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Interest rates: Ahhh! The pause that refreshes…but for how long?

The Federal Reserve finally eased its 15-month-long assault on inflation by holding the benchmark fed funds rate steady at a range between 5 and 5.25 percent at its June 13 - 14 meeting. The Fed cited modest expansion of economic activity, robust job gains and low unemployment, but cautioned that inflation remains high.

The pause will likely be short-lived, according to Kiran Kini, CoBank senior vice president and treasurer. Kini says the Fed is preparing the market for two additional rate increases over the remainder of the year.

“The Fed is trying to get ahead of the markets right now,” Kini said. “The burden is on economic data to talk them out of further hikes. We think there is an intent to hike maybe one more time and be done, but given how exuberant the market has been, they don't want to risk it. Absent significant improvement in the data—which they might see—they will look to hike in July and one more time after that.”

Kini pointed to some positive developments in economic data, which could indicate that core inflation will come down further. Still, it’s a bit of a mixed bag, especially when considering the services sector.

“Used car prices and rents have come down, which should help reduce core inflation,” Kini said. “But core services inflation has remained sticky, which is what the Fed is watching. For now, it's going to stay sticky. 

“The turning point is likely to come in the fourth quarter when student loan payments restart, which will put a drag on consumer balance sheets and cash flows,” he continued. “We expect things to really begin to slow down later this year when the tailwinds we’ve had turn to headwinds and the higher rates finally start to bite.” 

Kini said a fourth quarter recession remains a possibility, but a much-desired soft landing—where economic growth continues throughout the rate tightening cycle—is not out of the question.

The pause might provide some refreshment after all.

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Interest rate management: customer hedging activity remains brisk; many first-time hedgers enter the fray

There are still customers with hedges that continue to be on LIBOR, according to Eric Nickerson, CoBank’s sector vice president of customer derivatives.

“Those remaining LIBOR derivative customers are focusing on addressing those contracts either through a decision to rely on fallbacks or to actively transition away from LIBOR,” Nickerson said.

He noted that LIBOR activity will go past June 30 because some LIBOR contracts will extend beyond that cessation date.

“We’re also seeing increased activity from customers who have until this point chosen not to hedge in the rising interest rate environment,” Nickerson added. “The Fed has paused, of course, but those customers have been feeling the pain of the Fed’s aggressive rate tightening and the rising cost of debt over the past 15 months. 

“With two more rate increases likely this year, some companies are just now starting to accept the new normal of a non-zero interest rate policy,” he continued. “A lot of companies that haven't historically hedged are looking at hedging their rate for the first time.”

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It isn’t all about the rates…

While interest rate hikes take what is expected to be a very short-term pause, other factors are playing into the economy and capital markets activity.

According to PitchBook, a Morningstar subsidiary focused on private-equity and M&A activity, the odds of a recession occurring in the next 18 months continue to rise, driven primarily by a sharply inverted yield curve and an increase in short-term interest rates. These two signals are at their most extreme levels since the 1980s. The possibility that high inflation will persist creates a risk that short-term rates will remain above 5 percent well into 2024.

Also, credit conditions have tightened further following a period of stress within regional commercial banks. This will likely constrict loan growth and increase spreads for middle-market companies and, in turn, nonresidential corporate investment (also see the Power & Energy update below).

“These factors are at the center of why lenders are visibly pulling back from their borrowers,” said Bill Fox, managing director, Capital Markets at CoBank. “PitchBook’s recessionary outlook is shared by many, but it has not put the brakes on the support we have for our customers. The benefit that CoBank provides is that, unlike many other lenders, we are open for business. We remain supportive, even providing incremental capital in some cases while others are pulling back.”

Market Focus

Agribusiness

 ’23 harvest: whether the weather cooperates

The planting season is complete and, as is always the case, our attention turns to the harvest, delivery and, most important, the weather.

Drought continues to be a factor in Kansas, with growing concern in Nebraska, according to Eric Gorman, senior transaction origination management officer in CoBank’s Capital Markets division. Gorman says that areas east of Omaha had been looking good for precipitation and a strong harvest, but renewed concerns about precipitation have arisen since mid-June. Potential grain production for areas west of Omaha—except for California—remains a bit of an unknown.

“Areas around Fresno are as green as I’ve ever seen them this time of year,” Gorman said. “Right now, they likely have more water than they know what to do with. We usually see them trying to save as much as possible, but they have nearly every dam and lock opened as full as it will go trying to drain it before the snowmelt arrives.”

Gorman added that commodity prices have continued to come down slightly, although a short rally raised prices marginally over the past few weeks. Inverted commodity prices—where near-term prices are higher than prices further out—are beginning to correct themselves but remain inverted.

Gorman also said the market is continuing to send producers a “sell now” signal, which could change between now and harvest based on weather conditions. 

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Communications

Private communications company valuations defy the law of supply & demand

Twelve months ago, private communications company M&A activity was practically raging as much-anticipated industry consolidation took place. Now, higher interest rates, general economic uncertainty and continuing supply chain issues have slowed activity to a crawl. 

Despite the slowdown, Jeff Johnston, CoBank's lead communications economist, says that private company valuations remain strong, appearing to buck the law of supply and demand.

We asked Johnston a simple question: What gives?

“Conventional wisdom says that company valuations would decrease as the demand for acquisitions decreases and the supply of acquisition targets remains strong,” Johnston said. “Valuations are a little off their recent highs, but they remain robust.

“These companies are still very attractive to own and acquire,” he added. “It’s especially true in rural America where there is a lot of growth as the overall trend toward digitization continues to skyrocket. So, we believe the dip in M&A activity is transitory. Once we get past the current environment, activity is going to pick up because there is still a lot of industry consolidation that needs to happen.”

Click on the following link to see Johnston’s comments on video.

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Power & Energy

Commercial bank pull-back continues; finicky approach tanks some deals

A vastly more conservative approach to risk by commercial banks is extending the time it takes borrowers to obtain new term loans or lines of credit, or even renew existing facilities. 

According to Bill Fox, managing director of Capital Markets with CoBank, many commercial banks have become more hesitant to enter into Power & Energy industry deals and are, in some cases, withdrawing altogether.

“At the beginning of the year, we wondered whether commercial banks would approach 2023 with a sense of optimism or a sense of fear,” said Fox. “It’s becoming clear that the fear that dominated last year’s market is extending into 2023. Commercial banks experiencing deposit flight, flagging stock prices, stressed commercial real estate lending portfolios and increased regulatory scrutiny have taken their foot off the gas, and in some cases, even pumped the brakes.

“Many commercial banks are being very selective in their deal choices,” added Fox. “They’re raising more credit questions, requiring defined ancillary business and raising their fees. And in several cases we’re aware of, commercial banks have withdrawn from deals entirely, leaving borrowers and syndicated lending partners empty-handed.”

Fox said that the finicky approach by commercial banks is reaching into all segments of the market—money center banks and smaller banks alike—and even affecting customers seeking simple renewals with long-time relationship lenders.

“Customers need to plan further ahead, even for routine renewals,” Fox said. “What used to be a two- or three-week process has extended to more than a month as banks take the time to consider if a deal meets their return hurdles. Higher extension fees are also part of the mix. What was previously a five-basis-point extension fee can now be as high as 20 or 25 basis points. 

“CoBank is one of the few banks that is totally open for business,” Fox concluded. “We are advising our customers to take extra time, prescreen their existing lender group with us as their advisor, and be prepared to adjust pricing, structure and/or lenders, if needed. We can’t simply assume that a renewal will be successful like in the past, but we shouldn’t assume failure either. We can do the work with our customers and deliver them success.”

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